Internal rate of return (IRR) is one of the rate of return measurements more widely used during a real estate analysis for good reason: The aspect of time value of money associated with internal rate of return considers that the timing of receipts from the investment property can be as important as the amount received.

Unlike some other popular returns used by investors to analyze the performance and profitability of rental income properties that don’t account for the time value of money such as capitalization rate and cash on cash, IRR does.

As a result, internal rate of return is generally more popular than other rates of return to a real estate investor because it calculates for time value of money and provides a linkage between present value (PV) and future (FV) of any benefit stream.

The idea is straightforward.

Because a dollar in the hand today is preferable to one a year or five years from now, real estate investors want to take into account both the timing and the scale of cash flows generated by the income-producing property to determine what that rental income stream is worth today. Internal rate of return reveals the rate at which future cash flows must be discounted to equal the amount of investment exactly.

How IRR Works

Internal rate of return reveals in mathematical terms what a real estate investor’s initial cash investment will yield based on an expected stream of future cash flows discounted to equal today’s dollars, not tomorrow’s dollars.

Consider this.

When you make a real estate investment, you are investing cash in order to receive a series of future annual cash flows resulting from rental income plus a tidy profit when you sell the property.

The challenge for real estate investors, then, is to discover what rate of return the investor’s initial equity will make based upon those periodic future cash flows at the same time it considers the number of time periods (years) under consideration in the holding period.

The internal rate of return model meets that challenge by creating a single discount rate whereby all future cash flows can be discounted until they equal the investor’s initial investment.

How to Calculate

Calculating IRR manually is not practical because the calculation involves tedious mathematical solutions that take a lot time. Even the most skilled investment real estate specialist will typically use a financial calculator or real estate investment software program to compute it.

So we’ll ignore the formula (you can find it online if you really care to know it) and instead consider what it signifies.

Say you have $100,000 to invest in a rental income property and plan to hold it for five years. During those years, you plan on receiving five annual cash flows and then an additional amount from the sale of the property (also known as reversion). When you find the unique rate of return that discounts the sum of all those future cash flows until it equals your initial investment, you will have the internal rate of return.

In other words, what your cash investment will yield for those cash flow projections based upon today’s value of the dollar, or as if those cash flows were collected today rather then in the future.

Of course, no single element of a real estate analysis should determine an investment decision to the exclusion of other factors and measurements. But internal rate of return can help guide your purchasing decision so plan to use it.

One final thought. If you are serious about real estate investing, then it is highly recommended that you invest in a real estate investment software solution. In this case, you not only will get a wide range of essential returns that includes IRR, but also benefit from all real estate analysis features that quality investment software provides.

In every market there are new real estate agents getting into the market and agents that want to change their marketing to generate more business. For most agents that means starting off with a strategy that is based around them and their “image”. After all, people are “buying into you” when they are buying a home right?

The misconception that your brand is all about you is what leads people to create postcards, magazine ads, and websites with huge pictures of themselves. Sadly as home buyers and sellers rush to the market in cities all across the country, they aren’t saying “Wow, I hope I can find an agent with a huge picture who is honest and has integrity”. It doesn’t happen!

To embrace real estate agent marketing efforts should be focused on lead generation by meeting the customers’ needs. A focus on the number of leads that you can generate from each marketing piece will keep your costs low and allow you to cut your budget should one of your campaigns not result in new business.

Now that you have abandoned branding as a form of marketing, where should one focus to get results? The first step to getting more leads that turn into transactions comes in deciding on your marketing message.

A Marketing Message Generates Calls Monthly
A marketing message is NOT a slogan. A slogan is something like “Everything I Touch Turns To Sold” or “Honest Service for 22 years”. These messages aren’t compelling and certainly won’t get anyone to pick up the phone. No one is out there looking for a dishonest real estate professional, so stating that you are “honest” isn’t making a statement at all!

A marketing message is a statement that saves someone time or money (sometimes both). It is best to have buyer messages and seller messages as they have different needs. These messages can be included on any real estate agent marketing and should be prominent to compel a total stranger to pick up the phone and want to get more information.

Take the following seller marketing message:

I Sell Homes 21 Days Faster And For 2.1% More Money Than The Average Agent

That marketing message saves someone time and money! Put this on a post card and watch your phone ring. This message is specific and will work in any market because it saves someone money (2.1% more in the seller’s pocket) and it saves someone time (21 days faster). You could easily test this postcard and your traditional “slogan” card by sending them both out to the same group of people and see which one generates more phone calls. Keep the card that generates the most calls and keep running it.

Effective real estate agent marketing generates calls every month. Every six months the needs of the markets so take time to track the number of calls and the transactions you are closing from each of your marketing pieces.